Who benefits from Airbnb and short-term rentals in Bulgaria?

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Short-term rentals through platforms like Airbnb have fundamentally changed the real estate market around the world, and Bulgaria is no exception. From Sofia to Varna and Burgas, more and more owners prefer to rent out their homes for days or weeks rather than looking for long-term tenants. For some, this is an excellent business model, for others - a real nightmare. At first glance, the winners are the owners. A well-furnished studio apartment in the center of Sofia can bring in more income per month than a classic rental, especially if targeting tourists and business travelers. The flexibility is enormous - owners decide when and how much to rent, without being tied to long-term contracts. On the other hand, there are renters who often find themselves squeezed out of the market. The more homes that go on Airbnb, the harder it becomes for a student, a young family, or a working person to find an affordable apartment for permanent rent. Rents in Sofia and major cities are rising precisely because of this pressure. Homes are disappearing from the long-term market, and prices are soaring. The social impact is also significant. Some neighborhoods become “tourist zones,” where neighbors are constantly changing, there is no community, and conflicts arise. For locals, this is often a source of tension – noise, parties, lack of security. It is no coincidence that many European cities have already introduced strict regulations. In Barcelona, Paris, Amsterdam, owners can rent out their homes through Airbnb only for a limited number of days a year or for special licenses. Bulgaria is still at the beginning of this debate. There are no clear rules yet, but the issue is becoming increasingly relevant. The question of "who wins" has no clear answer. The winners are the enterprising owners who are able to offer quality service and a good location. The winners are the tourists who get an alternative to hotels. But the losers are the people looking for a long-term home, as well as the urban environment, which is changing towards instability and inaccessibility. The real dark side of Airbnb is precisely that – the imbalance it creates. A platform designed for sharing has gradually become a global business with a huge impact on prices and the way we live in our cities. For the Bulgarian market, the challenge is yet to come – will we be able to find a balance between the freedom of owners and the right to affordable housing for local people? The answer will determine not only the property market, but also the quality of life in our cities.